![]() ![]() ![]() He was rewarded with the post of Tax Collector in Dublin, a lucrative position which allowed him and his growing family to live in considerable comfort and send his eldest son to Clongowes College. He was an ardent admirer of Charles Stewart Parnell, for whom he had worked as an election agent. His father, John Joyce, came from a wealthy Cork family and had inherited a small private income. James Joyce was born in Dublin in 1882, the eldest of eleven children. Since A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is largely autobiographical, it is worth knowing something of the life and works of its author. In 1944 three years after his death, the surviving fragment of the original novel was published as Stephen Hero. Joyce gave his first novel the same title as that of the rejected short story: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. ![]() Twenty publishers rejected this new version before it finally appeared in 1916. This book was never published during his lifetime most of it was destroyed by its dissatisfied author who decided to try again, reworking and reducing the material into five chapters. ![]() Joyce took his advice so seriously that he eventually produced a huge work of fiction which he titled Stephen Hero. Joyce sought the advice of George Russell (AE), who suggested that he should rewrite it as a novel. In 1904 the magazine DANA made an important contribution to world literature by rejecting a short story by a then-unknown Irishman called James Joyce. ![]()
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